The Leadership Model Of Prophet Muhammad In Building A Civil Society

Abstract

This study examines the leadership model of the Prophet Muhammad in shaping a madani society during the early formation of the Muslim community in Medina. Using a qualitative historical-sociological approach, the research analyzes primary sources such as the Sirah Nabawiyyah, Hadith literature, and the Constitution of Medina alongside contemporary academic studies on Islamic leadership, governance, and civil society. The findings indicate that the Prophet established a model of leadership grounded in moral authority, participatory governance, legal pluralism, social justice, and religious inclusivity. Through institutional innovations, ethical public norms, and effective conflict resolution mechanisms, he successfully transformed a fragmented tribal society into a cohesive civic community characterized by solidarity, justice, and shared responsibility. This research contributes to contemporary discussions on Islamic leadership and demonstrates the continuing relevance of prophetic statecraft for modern challenges in governance and social transformation